Different Nested Loops in Java Explained [Practical Examples]


JAVA

Different Nested Loops possible in Java

If a loop is written inside the body of the another loop, it is referred as a nested loops. There are three different types of loops supported in Java. They are for loop, while loop and do while loop. This loops can be nested with similar type or with the combination of other loops. There is no limitations on number of times loops are nested. Moreover, we can nest them in any combination.

  • Nested for loop
  • Nested while loop
  • Nested do-while loop

 

Nested for loop

We are using a for loop inside the other for loop. So, in all it will execute for n * m times where n is number of iteration of outer loop and m is number of iteration of inner loop.

The syntax of nested for loop is as shown below.

for (initialization; condition; increment / decrement) {
    for (initialization; condition; increment / decrement) {
        // statement of inside loop
    }
    // statement of outer loop
}

Example : In this example, we are using two for loops to draw a pattern of *.

// Program to print pattern of * using nested loops
class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Declaring variable
        int i, j;

        // Using nested for loop and printing
        for (i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
            for (j = i; j <= 5; j++) {
                System.out.print("*");
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
}

Output

*****
****
***
**
*

 

Nested While loop

We are using a while loop inside the other while loop. So, in all it will execute for n * m times where n is number of iteration of outer loop and m is number of iteration of inner loop.

The syntax of nested while loop is as listed below.

while (condition) {
    while (condition) {
        // statement of inside loop
    }
    // statement of outer loop
}

 

Example : In this example, we are using two while loops to print a multiplication table of 5 and 6.

// Program to print multiplication table of 5 and 6 using nested loops
class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Declaring variable
        int i = 5, j;

        // Using nested for loop and printing
        while (i <= 6) {
            System.out.println("Multiplication table of " + i);
            j = 1;
            while (j <= 10) {
                System.out.println(i + " * " + j + " = " + (i * j));
                j++;
            }
            i++;
        }
    }
}

Output

Multiplication table of 5
5 * 1 = 5
5 * 2 = 10
5 * 3 = 15
5 * 4 = 20
5 * 5 = 25
5 * 6 = 30
5 * 7 = 35
5 * 8 = 40
5 * 9 = 45
5 * 10 = 50
Multiplication table of 6
6 * 1 = 6
6 * 2 = 12
6 * 3 = 18
6 * 4 = 24
6 * 5 = 30
6 * 6 = 36
6 * 7 = 42
6 * 8 = 48
6 * 9 = 54
6 * 10 = 60

 

Nested do-while loop

We are using a do-while loop inside the other do-while loop. So, in all it will execute for n * m times where n is number of iteration of outer loop and m is number of iteration of inner loop.

The syntax of nested do-while loop is as shown below.

do {
    do {
        // statement of inside loop
    } while (condition);

    // statement of outer loop
} while (condition);

 

Example : In this example we are having a menu driven program that computes addition and multiplication of n numbers.

import java.util.Scanner;
// Menu driven program using nested loops
class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int ch, count;
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int a, result, n;
        do {
            System.out.println("Enter your choice \n1. Addition \n2. Multiplication");
            ch = sc.nextInt();
            switch (ch) {
                case 1:
                    count = 0;
                    result = 0;
                    System.out.println("Enter how many numbers you want to add");
                    n = sc.nextInt();
                    do {
                        System.out.println("Enter a number " + (count + 1));
                        a = sc.nextInt();
                        result = result + a;
                        count++;
                    } while (count < n);
                    System.out.println("Summation result is " + result);
                    break;
                case 2:
                    count = 0;
                    result = 1;
                    System.out.println("Enter how many numbers you want to multiply");
                    n = sc.nextInt();
                    do {
                        System.out.println("Enter a number " + (count + 1));
                        a = sc.nextInt();
                        result = result * a;
                        count++;
                    } while (count < n);
                    System.out.println("Multiplication result is " + result);
                    break;
            }
        } while (ch <= 4);
    }
}

Output

Enter your choice
1. Addition
2. Multiplication
1
Enter how many numbers you want to add
3
Enter a number 1
10
Enter a number 2
20
Enter a number 3
30
Summation result is 60

Enter your choice
1. Addition
2. Multiplication
2
Enter how many numbers you want to multiply
3
Enter a number 1
10
Enter a number 2
20
Enter a number 3
30
Multiplication result is 6000
Enter your choice
1. Addition
2. Multiplication
3

 

Examples using Hybrid Nested Loops

Example 1 : Find repeated words in a string using for loop and while loop

In this example, we are finding the list of words repeated in the given String.

// Program to find repeated words in a string using nested loops
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String s = "Life is like a book. Life is like a cup of tea. Life is like a rose garden. Life is like a dream";
        int count;

        // Converts the string into lowercase
        s = s.toLowerCase();

        // Splitting the string to words for comparison
        String w[] = s.split(" ");

        // Finding the repeated words from a string
        System.out.println("Finding repeated words in a string : ");
        int i = 0;
        while (i < w.length) {
            count = 1;
            for (int j = i + 1; j < w.length; j++) {
                if (w[i].equals(w[j])) {
                    count++;
                    // Setting w[j] to 0 again to avoid printing visited word 
                    w[j] = "0";
                }
            }
            // Displays the repeated word if count is greater than 1 
            if (count > 1 && w[i] != "0")
                System.out.println(w[i]);
            i++;
        }
    }
}

Output

Finding repeated words in a string :
life
is
like
a

 

Example 2 : Print transpose of a matrix

In this example, we are printing the transpose of a two dimensional matrix.

// Program to print transpose of a matrix using nested loops
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int r, c;

        // Initialize matrix a
        int a[][] = {
            {
                1,
                2,
                3
            },
            {
                4,
                5,
                6
            },
            {
                7,
                8,
                9
            }
        };

        // Finding the number of rows and columns present in given matrix
        r = a.length;
        c = a[0].length;

        // Declare array to store transpose
        int t[][] = new int[c][r];
        int j;
        // Calculates transpose of given matrix
        for (int i = 0; i < c; i++) {
            j = 0;
            while (j < r) {
                t[i][j] = a[j][i];
                j++;
            }
        }

        // Printing transpose
        for (int i = 0; i < c; i++) {
            for (j = 0; j < r; j++) {
                System.out.print(t[i][j] + " ");
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
    }

}

Output

1 4 7
2 5 8
3 6 9

 

Example 3 : Print pattern using do-while and for loop

In this example, we are printing the transpose of a two dimensional matrix.

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int i = 1, j, n = 5;
        do {
            // this loop is used to print the n  
            for (j = n; j >= 1; j--) {
                // this loop is used to print numbers in a line  
                if (j != i)
                    System.out.print(j);
                else
                    System.out.print("*");
            }
            System.out.println("");
            i++;
        } while (i < n);
    }
}

Output

5432*
543*1
54*21
5*321
*4321

 

Summary

The knowledge of Nested loops in Java is very useful while working on a real time applications. There are various combinations that can be used depending on requirement. In this tutorial, we covered nested loops in Java along with the examples of hybrid nested loops. As per the requirement of an application, we can choose an appropriate loops. We learned in detail about this looping with an example. All in all, this tutorial, covers everything that you need to know in order to have a clear view on Nesting loops in Java.

 

References

Looping in Java

 

Deepak Prasad

Deepak Prasad

He is the founder of GoLinuxCloud and brings over a decade of expertise in Linux, Python, Go, Laravel, DevOps, Kubernetes, Git, Shell scripting, OpenShift, AWS, Networking, and Security. With extensive experience, he excels in various domains, from development to DevOps, Networking, and Security, ensuring robust and efficient solutions for diverse projects. You can connect with him on his LinkedIn profile.

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