Getting started with GitLab plays a critical role in efficiently managing your projects, sharing code, tracking bugs, accomplishing your CI/CD missions.
You need to understand GitLab, create an account and project. Lastly, it would help to manage a simple repository on the terminal and website. Let's dive into getting started with GitLab.
Understanding GitLab's building technology
One of the steps to getting started with GitLab is understanding GitLab and distinguishing it from git.
Git is the technology that powers GitLab. It is a distributed version control system (DVCS), letting contributors have a copy of the project in their local machines.
Git workflow starts by initializing an empty repo or cloning one. You then create files and track them through staging and committing changes. If multiple developers work on the project, they can independently open and modify files on a branch and inject the changes in the main branch through merging, pushing and pull requests.
Since local files can easily get lost, it would be best to push the changes to a remote cloud server like GitLab. GitLab is a code-tracking cloud server that applies git. Its most familiar alternatives are GitHub and Bitbucket.
Now that you know what we will work with while getting started with GitLab, let's go ahead and create a GitLab account before doing some workflow practice.
Pre-requisites
We will be using a Linux box with git installed to manage the gitlab repo
Step-1: Creating a GitLab account
Navigate to GitLab's website.
Click on Login if you don't plan to subscribe to a paid service. That is because clicking on Get Free Trials demands later spending some money before hosting your code on GitLab.
On the Login page, you will see a message, Don't have an account yet? Register now next to the Sign in button. Click on Register now. The link takes you to the Register page, where you should click on Register.
Wait for the GitLab account creation confirmation email and click on the link. The link takes you to GitLab's login page, where you can log in, in readiness to continue getting started with GitLab through SSH key pairs generation.
Step-2: Generate SSH key pairs
Secure Shell is a safer way to connect your machine to a remote computer or server. Without it, you cannot push changes to GitLab. Neither can GitLab allow you to pull changes from or clone repositories.
You should also configure the keys because they simplify getting started with GitLab push without constantly retyping your username and password.
The security of the SSH depends on the hashing algorithm used to generate the keys. The most secure types are RSA
and EdDSA
. EdDSA
key type is the most secure and is more manageable than the RSA.
Let's create an EdDSA
key type by running the ssh-keygen
command on your terminal.
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "<comment>"
Here, -t
stands for the key type, whereas -C
implies a comment. The comment uniquely identifies the key. I am creating one as follows.
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "Getting started with GitLab"
cd
into the .ssh
folder, cat
, and copy the public key.
cd .ssh cat id_ed25519.pub
Move to the GitLab account. Click on your profile photo -> Preferences.
Paste the key in the text area. Specify the expiry date, then click on Add key. Now that your GitLab account is created and SSH configured, it is ready for local and remote development.
Step-3: Getting started with GitLab by creating a project
One of the most crucial steps to getting started with GitLab is to create a project. Sign in to your GitLab account. Click on New project followed by Create blank project.
Enter project name, (optional) description, type (public or private), and (optional) README.md
, then click on Create project
A public project means anyone can view the branches and files. A private GitLab project, on the other hand, means only those permitted can view the project details. A README.md
file describes the project. Use it to tell your potential audience the project's purpose.
After creating the project, also known as the repository, GitLab notifies you of the successful progress. If you created a README.md
file, you would see 1 commit, 1 branch, and a blue button named Copy SSH clone URL.
Otherwise, you get instructions on setting an upstream and pushing changes to the newly created repository. Let's proceed with getting started with GitLab by managing the new project.
Step-4: Managing a project using the terminal and GUI
The kernel of getting started with GitLab is knowing how to create files, stage and commit the changes, branching, merging, and handling pull requests. Here's a brief explanation of the terms before seeing their practical usage.
Staging a change is temporarily storing it in the index before committing or undoing it. Committing a change creates a unique record in the git database.
Branching is creating independent development lines to ease collaboration. You do that by accumulating changes in the sub-project, staging, and committing them.
When done with sub-project, you ask the project manager to inject the changes into the main branch, a process called creating a pull request. Once the manager is satisfied with the changes, they join the branch with the main one; a process called merging.
Let us see the terms practically through the terminal and a GUI on the GitLab website. Before that, you should install and configure git for your operating system.
Using CLI to manage gitlab projects
Get the project files by clicking on Clone followed by Clone with SSH. Head over to your terminal and clone the repo.
Cloning a repository means downloading the updated project files and folders on your local machine.
Branching
cd
into the cloned project, then create and checkout a branch by running the switch command
cd get_started git switch -C second_branch
Create a file
touch file
Stage the file
git stage file
Commit the changes
git commit -m "Add file"
Merge the changes
Checkout
the main branch and merge the changes.
git checkout main git merge second_branch
Push the changes
Push the changes through the main
branch.
git push
Refreshing the remote shows our new changes.
Using GitLab GUI
Let's repeat the above steps using the GitLab workflow.
Branching
Click on the dropdown next to the project name and choose New branch.
Enter branch name and tap on Create branch.
Create a file and commit changes
In GitLab, staging and committing a file are bundled into saving.
Click on the dropdown next to the project name and choose New file. Name the file. Add some content, then scroll down the page and commit the changes, clicking on Commit changes.
Merging
Click on Create merge request on the repository's landing page.
(Optionally) change the commit message, write a short description, then scroll down and click on the Create merge request button.
That is all you who do as a branch creator. The next step entails the actions of a project manager.
Click on Merge. Otherwise, tap close or edit from the Options dropdown.
And that is all to know when getting started with GitLab.
What is more?
Getting started with GitLab can be pleasurable when you understand Git and GitLab workflow then do some practice, as shown in this tutorial. Now is the time to enjoy your development with GitLab.