Different methods to compute Square in Java
The square of a number is the product of the number times itself. In other words, a square is the result of multiplying any number by itself. Hence we can say for a number n, the square of a number will be result=n*n.
There are four different ways to compute square of a number in Java.
- Using multiplication operator *
- Using
Math.pow()
function - Using
BigInteger.pow()
function - Using Apache Commons Math API
Using multiplication operator *
This is the simplest approach to compute square of a number in Java. Here, we will use * operator to compute the square.
Example :In this example we are finding a square of an integer and a float number.
// Program to compute square of a number
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Initializing a variable
int i = 200;
float f = 100.5f;
// Computing a square and printing
System.out.println("The square of a number " + i + " is " + (i * i));
System.out.println("The square of a number " + f + " is " + (f * f));
}
}
Output
The square of a number 200 is 40000
The square of a number 100.5 is 10100.25
Using Math.pow() function
In this approach, we will use pow()
function of Math class of java.lang
package to compute square of a number in Java. The pow() function returns the value of the first argument raised to the power of the second argument. This function accepts two double type parameter and returns a double value as a result. So, the problem with this approach is we cannot use it for integer or a float values.
Example :In this example we are finding a square of a double number using pow()
function of Math class.
// Program to compute square of a number
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Initializing a variable
double d = 150.5;
// Computing a square and printing
System.out.println("The square of a number " + d + " is " + Math.pow(d, 2.0));
}
}
Output
The square of a number 100.5 is 10100.25
Using pow() of BigInteger Class
In this approach, we will use pow()
function of BigInteger
class of java.math
package to compute square of a number in Java. The disadvantage of the Math.pow()
function is they operate only on double values. However, if we want to compute square of a integer or long variable, we have to use pow()
function of BigInteger
Class. This function takes one parameter as an exponent.
Example :In this example we are finding a square of a integer and long variable. Her, we are using String.valueOf
function to convert int
and long variable to string type.
// Program to compute square of a number
import java.math.BigInteger;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Initializing a variable
int i = 110;
long l = 2250;
BigInteger b1 = new BigInteger(String.valueOf(i));
BigInteger b2 = new BigInteger(String.valueOf(l));
// Computing a square and printing
System.out.println("The square of a number " + i + " is " + b1.pow(2));
System.out.println("The square of a number " + l + " is " + b2.pow(2));
}
}
Output
The square of a number 110 is 12100
The square of a number 2250 is 5062500
Using Apache Commons Math API
In this approach, we will need to download commons-math3-3.6.1-bin.zip from the url mentioned in the reference section. Thereafter, we have to add this jar to our existing project folder using the below given steps.
- Right click your project folder in eclipse
- Click on Build Path -> Add external archives
- Select the jar (commons-math3-3.6.1)from the extracted zip folder.
- You will see that jar added to Referenced Libraries
Example :In this example we are using ArithmeticUtils.pow()
function that can accept long, int
and BigInteger
type of parameters.
// Program to compute square of a number
import org.apache.commons.math3.util.ArithmeticUtils;
public class temp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
long d = 1152;
System.out.println("The square of a number " + d + " is " + ArithmeticUtils.pow(d, 2));
}
}
Output
The square of a number 1152 is 1327104
Examples to Compute Square in Java
Example 1 : Computing Area of Circle
// Program to compute Area of Circle
import java.math.BigInteger;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Initializing a variable
int r1 = 20;
double r2 = 25.25;
// Converting int to BigInteger
BigInteger b1 = new BigInteger(String.valueOf(r1));
// Computing area of circle and printing
b1 = b1.pow(2);
long v = b1.longValue();
double res1 = 3.14159 * v;
double res2 = 3.14159 * (Math.pow(r2, 2));
System.out.println("The Area of circle with radius " + r1 + " is " + res1);
System.out.println("The Area of circle with radius " + r2 + " is " + res2);
}
}
Output
The Area of circle with radius 20 is 1256.636
The Area of circle with radius 25.25 is 2002.959974375
Example 2 : Computing Area of Square
// Program to compute Area of Perfect Square
import java.math.BigInteger;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Initializing a variable
int side1 = 20;
double side2 = 25.25;
// Converting int to BigInteger and computing square
BigInteger b1 = new BigInteger(String.valueOf(side1));
b1 = b1.pow(2);
// Computing square
double res2 = Math.pow(side2, 2);
// Printing
System.out.println("The Area of square with side " + side1 + " is " + b1);
System.out.println("The Area of square with side " + side2 + " is " + res2);
}
}
Output
The Area of square with side 20 is 400
The Area of square with side 25.25 is 637.5625
Example 3 : Computing hypotenuse using Pythagoras Theorem
The Pythagoras theorem equation is expressed as, c^2 = a^2 + b^2, where 'c' = hypotenuse of the right triangle and 'a' and 'b' are the other two legs.
// Program to compute hypotenuse
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
double ab = 4;
double ac = 3;
double bc;
// Computing result by applying Pythagoras theorem
bc = Math.sqrt(Math.pow(ab, 2) + Math.pow(ac, 2));
System.out.println("The result of computation is " + bc);
}
}
Output
The result of computation is 5.0
Example 4 : Computing result of Series of square
Here, we are computing 10^2 +11^2 + 12^2 + 13^2 + 14^2
// Program to compute series of square of numbers
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
double x = 10;
double sum = 0;
double r;
// Computing result of series
for (int i = 0; i & lt; 5; i++) {
// Computing square of a number
r = Math.pow(x, 2);
// Computing sum of squares
sum = sum + r;
System.out.println(r + " + ");
x++;
}
System.out.println("The result of computation is " + sum);
}
}
Output
100.0 +
121.0 +
144.0 +
169.0 +
196.0 +
The result of computation is 730.0
Summary
The knowledge of computing square of a number in Java is very useful while working on a real time applications. In this tutorial, we covered four different approaches to compute square in Java. As per the requirement of an application, we can choose an appropriate approach for computation. We learned in detail about this approaches with an example. All in all, this tutorial, covers everything that you need to know in order to have a clear view on computing a square of a number in Java.
References
Math Class
BigInteger Class
Download Apache Commons Math
ArithmeticUtils Class