In this article I will share a list of commands to create KVM Virtual machine command line using virt-install examples in RHEL/CentOS 8 Linux.
virt-install is a command line tool for creating new KVM, Xen, or Linux container guests using the libvirt hypervisor management library
The virt-install tool provides a number of options that can be passed on the command line. To see a complete list of options run the following command:
# virt-install --help
⇒ Cockpit Web Console GUI
⇒ Virtual Manager (Deprecated starting RHEL/CentOS 8)
Pre-requisite
As a pre-requisite, you must first install KVM and enable KVM Virtualization on your Linux server host before you can create KVM Virtual Machine using virt-install or any other method in RHEL/CentOS 8 Linux
1. virt-install ÂÂÂÂ--name
To define a name of the VM use --name with virt-install command
[root@rhel-8 ~]# virt-install --name centos8-2
2. virt-install --vcpus
To define CPU for the VM use --vcpus with virt-install command
[root@rhel-8 ~]# virt-install --name centos8-2 --vcpus 2
3. virt-install --memory
To define memory for the VM use --memory with virt-install command
[root@rhel-8 ~]# virt-install --name centos8-2 --memory 10240
4. virt-install --os-type and --os-variant
You can define OS Variant and OS Type when you create VM with virt-install command
Next use --os-variant and --os-type to define the OS Variant and OS Type respectively
To get the list of supported OS Variant types, execute below command from the terminal
# osinfo-query os
In the below virt-install example cheat sheet I have defined --os-type as Linux and --os-variant as Centos7.0
[root@rhel-8 ~]# virt-install --name centos8-2 --memory 10240 --vcpus=2 --os-type=Linux --os-variant=centos7.0
5. virt-install --network
To check list of available networks use virsh command
[root@rhel-8 ~]# virsh net-list
Name State Autostart Persistent
----------------------------------------------------------
default active yes yes
In the below virt-install example cheat sheet we will create KVM VM and assign this default network for our Virtual Machine
[root@rhel-8 ~]# virt-install --name centos8-2 --memory 10240 --vcpus=2 --os-type=Linux --os-variant=centos7.0 --location=/tmp/rhel-server-7.6-x86_64-dvd.iso --network network=default --graphics=vnc -v
Using centos7.0 default --disk size=10
Starting install...
Retrieving file vmlinuz... | 6.3 MB 00:00:00
Retrieving file initrd.img... | 52 MB 00:00:00
Allocating 'centos8-2-3.qcow2' | 10 GB 00:00:00
6. virt-install example with multiple networks
You can use --network argument multiple times to add multiple network cards to the VM
In this virt-install example cheat sheet I am creating KVM VM with one network using bridge connection and other network using default network
[root@rhel-8 ~]# virt-install --name centos8-2 --memory 10240 --vcpus=2 --os-type=Linux --os-variant=centos7.0 --location=/tmp/rhel-server-7.6-x86_64-dvd.iso --network network=default --network bridge=nm-bridge --console pty,target_type=serial --graphics=vnc -v
--location or --cdrom to initiate the installation. I observed one difference with --location and --cdrom, with --cdrom the VM just boots using the provided ISO while with --location the installation starts automatically
7. virt-install --location
- Below virt-install example uses --location argument to define the path of the ISO which will be used to create KVM Virtual Machine.
- In this command we have not defined any
--graphics - So the problem with this command would be that you will connect to the new VM using serial console but since console is not defined you will end up with no STDOUT
- In such case your
virt-installwill be stuck at "Escape character is ^]" prompt
[root@rhel-8 ~]# virt-install --name centos8-20 --memory 10240 --vcpus=2 --location=/tmp/rhel-server-7.6-x86_64-dvd.iso --network bridge=nm-bridge --graphics=none -v Using rhel7.6 default --disk size=10 Starting install... Retrieving file vmlinuz... | 6.3 MB 00:00:00 Retrieving file initrd.img... | 52 MB 00:00:00 Allocating 'centos8-20.qcow2' | 10 GB 00:00:00 Connected to domain centos8-20 Escape character is ^]
Also if you try to connect to your VM using virsh or Virtual Manager, you will get the same output
[root@rhel-8 ~]# virsh console centos8-2
Connected to domain centos8-2
Escape character is ^]
error: operation failed: Active console session exists for this domain
Hence this combination is not recommended to create KVM Virtual Machine
8. virt-install console ttyS0 (--extra-args)
- Now in the earlier
virt-installexample, we used--locationto define the ISO with--graphics=none - Due to this combination we ended up with a serial console connection with no graphical access
- You can combine
--locationwith--extra-argsto define additional kernel arguments which will be considered for installation - Use
--extra-args console=ttyS0to redirect the STDOUT on your terminal window - The problem with this command would be that you will again connect to the new VM using serial console
- So if you have to select custom options to perform the installation, using serial console it may be difficult for you
- For normal use case where we need graphical console to perform the installation, do not use this command
[root@rhel-8 ~]# virt-install --name centos8-2 --memory 10240 --vcpus=2 --location=/tmp/rhel-server-7.6-x86_64-dvd.iso --network bridge=nm-bridge --graphics=none --extra-args console=ttyS0 -v Using centos7.0 default --disk size=10 Starting install... Retrieving file vmlinuz... | 6.3 MB 00:00:00 Retrieving file initrd.img... | 52 MB 00:00:00 Allocating 'centos8-2.qcow2' | 10 GB 00:00:00 Connected to domain centos8-2 Escape character is ^] [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacct
use Ctrl+5 to exit the session
To reconnect to the session use below command
[root@rhel-8 ~]# virsh console centos8-2
--cdrom in these commands, but just to highlight, you cannot use --cdrom with kernel arguments --extra-args and the outcome would be same so it is recommended to always use --graphics while creating VM with virt-install.You can choose to use this command based on your requirement.
9. virt-install --noautoconsole
- Don't automatically try to connect to the guest console.
- By default the
virt-installcommand will continue to wait for the installation to complete after creating the VM - If you wish to detach from the
virt-installsession then you can use--noautoconsole - If your command requested a multistep install, like
--cdromor--location, after the install phase is complete the VM will be shutoff, regardless of whether a reboot was requested in the VM. - If you want the VM to be rebooted,
virt-installmust remain running. - You can use '
--wait' to keepvirt-installalive even if--noautoconsoleis specified.
[root@rhel-8 ~]# virt-install --name centos8-2 --memory 10240 --vcpus=2 --location=/tmp/rhel-server-7.6-x86_64-dvd.iso --network bridge=nm-bridge --graphics=none --console pty,target_type=serial --noautoconsole --extra-args console=ttyS0 -v Using centos7.0 default --disk size=10 Starting install... Retrieving file vmlinuz... | 6.3 MB 00:00:00 Retrieving file initrd.img... | 52 MB 00:00:00 Allocating 'centos8-2-17.qcow2' | 10 GB 00:00:00 Domain installation still in progress. You can reconnect to the console to complete the installation process.
As expected the command exited after creating the VM. Next connect to the console using virsh
[root@rhel-8 ~]# virsh console centos8-2
10. virt-install --graphics with virt-viewer
- In the earlier
virt-installexamples we disabled graphics which is why the end result was not very user friendly - In this command we will use
virt-viewerto view the console after creating the VM - You can install
virt-viewerusingyum -y install virt-vieweron RHEL/CentOS 7/8 Linux - I have defined
--graphicsto use VNC to perform installation - At the end of this command execution,
virt-viewerwill automatically connect to the new VM's console - This is the recommended command for most use cases to create KVM Virtual Machine using virt-install
[root@rhel-8 ~]# virt-install --name centos8-2 --memory 10240 --vcpus=2 --location=/tmp/rhel-server-7.6-x86_64-dvd.iso --network bridge=nm-bridge --graphics=vnc --console pty,target_type=serial -v Starting install... Retrieving file vmlinuz... | 6.3 MB 00:00:00 Retrieving file initrd.img... | 52 MB 00:00:00 Allocating 'centos8-2-17.qcow2' | 10 GB 00:00:00 Domain creation completed. Restarting guest.
Next virt-viewer will automatically connect to the centos8-2 console
11. virt-install --graphics with VNC Viewer
- Similar to
virt-vieweryou can also connect to your new VM using VNC Viewer - In this
virt-installexample cheat sheet I have executedvirt-installfrom CLI in one terminal with--noautoconsoleto detach the session - Next I will connect to the VM console using VNC viewer
[root@rhel-8 ~]# virt-install --name centos8-2 --memory 10240 --vcpus=2 --os-type=Linux --os-variant=centos7.0 --location=/tmp/rhel-server-7.6-x86_64-dvd.iso --network bridge=nm-bridge --graphics type=vnc --console pty,target_type=serial --noautoconsole -v Using centos7.0 default --disk size=10 Starting install... Retrieving file vmlinuz... | 6.3 MB 00:00:00 Retrieving file initrd.img... | 52 MB 00:00:00 Allocating 'centos8-2-14.qcow2' | 10 GB 00:00:00 Domain installation still in progress. You can reconnect to the console to complete the installation process.
To get the VNC port number VNC is listening on use virsh command
[root@rhel-8 ~]# virsh vncdisplay centos8-2
127.0.0.1:3
Install tigervnc on your Linux server
# yum -y install tigervnc
Next execute vncviewer to connect to the console
# vncviewer <address>:<port>
# vncviewer 127.0.0.1:3
12. virt-install --disk (path, size, format)
- In all the above
virt-installexamples we were using default storage path and disk size to create KVM Virtual Machine - To define custom path to store the disks use
--diskargument - To define disk size of your VM use "
size" with--diskargument. The provided value will be considered in GB - You can use '
raw', 'qcow2', 'vmdk' as supported disk formats - In this
virt-installexample command, the 20GB disk for the VM will be created under/disksascentos8-2.qcow2
[root@rhel-8 ~]# virt-install --name centos8-2 --memory 10240 --vcpus=2 --cdrom=/tmp/rhel-server-7.6-x86_64-dvd.iso --disk path=/disks/centos8-2.qcow2,size=20,format=qcow2 --network bridge=nm-bridge --graphics=vnc -v Starting install...
13. virt-install --autostart
By default the VMs are configured to stay powered off when the host server reboots
You can use --autostart to also start the VM when the host server comes up after reboot
[root@rhel-8 ~]# virt-install --name centos8-2 --memory 10240 --vcpus=2 --cdrom=/tmp/rhel-server-7.6-x86_64-dvd.iso --disk path=/disks/centos8-2.qcow2,size=20,format=qcow2 --disk path=/disks/centos8-2-1.qcow2,size=20,format=qcow2 --network bridge=nm-bridge --graphics=vnc --autostart -v
14. virt-install example with multiple disks
- In the earlier
virt-installexample we used single disk to create KVM Virtual Machine - You can also define multiple disks with
virt-installusing--diskargument multiple times - In this
virt-installexample I am creating KVM Virtual Machine with 2 disks with a custom path under/disks
[root@rhel-8 ~]# virt-install --name centos8-2 --memory 10240 --vcpus=2 --cdrom=/tmp/rhel-server-7.6-x86_64-dvd.iso --disk path=/disks/centos8-2.qcow2,size=20,format=qcow2 --disk path=/disks/centos8-2-1.qcow2,size=20,format=qcow2 --network bridge=nm-bridge --graphics=vnc -v Starting install... Allocating 'centos8-2.qcow2' | 20 GB 00:00:00 Allocating 'centos8-2-1.qcow2' | 20 GB 00:00:00
Verify the list of disks assigned to this VM
[root@rhel-8 ~]# ls -l /disks/ total 6808 -rw-------. 1 qemu qemu 21478375424 Apr 29 03:10 centos8-2-1.qcow2 -rw-------. 1 qemu qemu 21478375424 Apr 29 03:10 centos8-2.qcow2
15. virt-install --pxe and --boot network
- Create VM using
virt-installcommand to perform installation using PXE - So if you have a working PXE server then just use
--pxewithvirt-install - If you also define
--locationwith--pxe, thenvirt-installwill get theinitrdandvmlinuzfile from the provided--locationof the ISO - To also specific kickstart file along with PXE use
--extra-args=
[root@rhel-8 ~]# virt-install --name centos8-2 --memory 10240 --vcpus=2 --os-type=Linux --os-variant=centos7.0 --location=/tmp/rhel-server-7.6-x86_64-dvd.iso --network network=default --pxe --extra-args "ks=/tmp/kickstart.conf" --console pty,target_type=serial --graphics=vnc -v
Alternatively you can also use "--boot network" to boot from PXE server
[root@rhel-8 ~]# virt-install --name centos8-2 --memory 10240 --vcpus=2 --os-type=Linux --os-variant=centos7.0 --network network=default --boot network --console pty,target_type=serial --graphics=vnc -v
I have written another article with the detailed steps to perform PXE installation on KVM Virtual Machines
Lastly I hope this article with virt-install examples cheat sheet to create KVM Virtual Machine on Linux was helpful. So, let me know your suggestions and feedback using the comment section.
References:
man page of virt-install
Very good article indeed to be used as reference!
Minor remark, the use of below as an adjective is a bit heavy while readin, much better if used as an adverb, like the virt-X examples below.
Cheers, Gio
Hello. Thanks for this writeup. I had one question about the –console option. How do I generate the following in the xml file that defines the VM:
I am not aware of any tool which can generate such xml file but you may use the xml from any existing VM and use that to create new VM